Characteristics, origin, and processing of Poria in Qing Dynasty Palace:evidence of both historical relics and documents / 中国中药杂志

Poria(Fu Ling) is a bulk traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with a long history and complex varieties. The royal medical records of the Qing Dynasty include multiple medicinal materials of Fu Ling, such as Bai Fu Ling(white Poria), Chi Fu Ling(rubra Poria), and Zhu Fu Ling(Poria processed with cinnabaris). The Palace Museum preserves 6 kinds of specimens including Fu Ling Ge(dried Poria), Bai Fu Ling, Chi Fu Ling, Zhu Fu Ling, Bai Fu Shen(white Poria cum Radix Pini), and Fu Shen Mu(Poria cum Radix Pini). After trait identification and textual research, we found that Fu Ling Ge was an intact sclerotium, which was processed into Fu Ling Pi(Poriae Cutis), Bai Fu Ling and other medicinal materials in the Palace. The Fu Ling in the Qing Dynasty Pa-lace was mainly from the tribute paid of the officials in Yunnan-Guizhou region. The tribute situation was stable in the whole Qing Dynasty, and changed in the late Qing Dynasty. The cultural relics of Fu Ling in the Qing Dynasty Palace confirm with the archival documents such as the royal medical records and herbal medicine books, providing precious historical materials for understanding Fu Ling in the Qing Dynasty and a basis for the restoration of the processing of the Fu Ling in the Qing Dynasty Palace.

Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 23 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and histologic features of 23 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study was also performed in 14 of the cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 12 to 47 years. Fourteen of them occurred in males. Thirteen cases involved the bony skeleton and 5 cases affected the soft tissue. The patients presented with pain and/or swelling. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a mixture of undifferentiated small round cells and hyaline cartilage. Transition between the two components was demonstrated and growth plate-like cartilage was observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that the small round cells were positive for Sox9 (14/14), CD99 (12/14), vimentin (6/14), CD56 (4/14), CD57 (4/14), neuron-specific enolase (3/14) and desmin(1/14). They were negative for Coll-II, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, pan-cytokeratin, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD34 and c-erbB2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor. Thorough histologic examination, when coupled with immunohistochemical findings, is helpful in arriving at a correct diagnosis.</p>

Intralaboratory reproducibility of HER2 testing in breast cancer by immunohistochemistry and comparison of results obtained by different assays / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the intralaboratory reproducibility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing for HER2 status in breast cancer, and to evaluate the factors which influence the reproducibility. The concordance between monoclonal antibody CB11 and HercepTest was also assessed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HER2 overexpression on paraffin sections from thirty-seven cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma was evaluated using CB11 and the evaluation procedure had been repeated for five times scored the tests together according to the HercepTest and new American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) grading schemes by 2 experienced pathologists together. Reproducibility rates of the five rounds were assessed using Kappa statistic, and the results from two scoring systems were compared. HercepTest kit was applied to the same cases afterward and the results were compared with CB11.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Substantial intralaboratory reproducibility was achieved among 5 rounds tests. Excluding the influence effect of changing antibody lots, the intralaboratory reproducibility was closed to the perfect threshold (Kappa = 0.7858, HercepTest scheme). The results derived from the two grading schemes had an almost perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.8549). The concordance (positive vs. negative) between CB11 and HercepTest was 83.78%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Laboratory work with strict supervision and more experience will ensure a reliable testing consistency. Reproducibility analysis could be adopted to evaluate the intralaboratory staining quality on HER2 testing. Different antibody lots bring some influence to the intralaboratory reproducibility, but not significant. CB11 could be accepted to screen HER2 status in routine practice after testing validation.</p>

Lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic and prognostic study in 153 Chinese patients / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings and prognosis of precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL/ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty-three cases of LBL/ALL were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical study was carried out. The pathologic findings were correlated with Ann Arbor tumor stage, Ki-67 index, other clinical parameters (including mediastinum/bone marrow involvement, hepato-splenomegaly, age and gender of the patients) and the survival data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Staining for TdT and CD99 was positive in 79.1% (121/153 cases) and 96.3% (131/136 cases), respectively. The cases were categorized into three groups according to the immunohistochemical findings, as follows: precursor T-cell, precursor B-cell and undefined. T-LBL/ALL accounted for 69.3% (106/153 cases) of all of the cases. The male-to-female ratio was 2.4:1 (including 75 males and 31 females). The median age at diagnosis was 17.5 years (ranged from 2 years to 68 years). Ninety-two patients (86.8%) presented with peripheral lymphadenopathy and 59 of them (55.7%) had mediastinal masses. Ninety-one cases (85.8%) were in stage III or IV at diagnosis. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates in patients with T-LBL/ALL were 36.1% and 8.1%, respectively. Patients older than 25 years and those presented in stage III or IV suggested a poor prognosis (P = 0.049 and 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, 29 of the 153 cases (19.0%) belonged to B-LBL/ALL. The median age of the patients was 14 years (ranged from 9 months to 75 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1 (including 18 males and 11 females). Seventeen patients (58.6%) presented with peripheral lymphadenopathy and 13 of them (44.8%) had involvement of bone marrow or peripheral blood. Mediastinal involvement was found only in 5 cases (17.2%). Twenty-one patients (72.4%) were in stage III or IV at diagnosis. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 53.3% and 36.7%, respectively. The remaining 11.7% cases (18/153 cases) were categorized as undefined type, with a negative staining for the following immuno-markers including: CD3ε/CD3, CD45RO, CD79a, CD20, MPO, CD5, CD56, cyclin D1, cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The median age of the patients was 15.5 years (ranged from 4 to 53 years). The male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1 (including 13 males and 5 females). The percentage of T-LBL/ALL patients with mediastinal masses were significantly higher than that of B-LBL/ALL cases (P = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in prognostic parameters of T-LBL/ALL and B-LBL/ALL (P = 0.07). The difference in median survival time however was statistically significant (6.0 months +/- 1.1 months versus 15.0 months +/- 7.0 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both TdT and CD99 are useful markers for the diagnosis of precursor lymphoblastic malignancy. T-LBL/ALL predominantly affects children or adolescent males and frequently presents with lymphadenopathy and mediastinal masses, whereas B-LBL/ALL are often accompanied by bone marrow and peripheral blood involvement. In general, T-LBL/ALL carries a poor prognosis. The prognostic criteria include age of older than 25 years and a classification of stage III or IV disease.</p>

A case of parapharyngeal soft tissue clear cell sarcoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

Soft tissue clear cell sarcoma usually occurred in the end of the limbs, especially foot and ankle. Soft tissue clear cell sarcoma occurring in the torso and head and neck were even fewer. In this article, parapharyngeal soft tissue clear cell sarcoma was reported.

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: a clinicopathological and immunophenotypic study of 40 Chinese patients / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic features of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) and to evaluate the usefulness of immunophenotype analysis in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 cases of LPL with WM diagnosed according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues were analyzed using immunophenotype and follow-up information.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mostly common initial clinical presentations were non-specific symptoms, such as fatigue, anemia and hemorrhage. Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were found in 42.5%, 20.0% and 12.5% of the patients respectively. The pattern of bone marrow involvement included mixed type (47.2%), diffuse type (41.7%) and interstitial type (11.1%). The nodal architecture was completely destroyed in one case and partially effaced with residual germinal centers and dilated sinuses in 8 cases. All of the neoplastic cells expressed CD20 and CD79a. Neoplastic plasma cells were positive for CD138 and CD79a. No cases expressed CD5. Four cases weakly expressed CD23. No significant prognosis related factors were identified in the survival analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LPL with WM is a rare indolent small B-cell lymphoma, which is commonly seen, in older male patients. The tumor frequently involves bone marrow and shows various clinical manifestations. Combination analyses of the bone marrow biopsy histology, immunophenotypic study and clinical data, especially the serum examination are important for the diagnosis of LPL with WM.</p>

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 8 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and prognosis of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight cases of C-ALCL were enrolled into the study. The clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings and results of in-situ hybridization for EBER 1/2 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three of the 8 patients were males and 5 were females. The median age was 49.5 years. C-ALCL often presented with solitary skin nodule, without systemic symptoms. Histologically, the lymphoma cells infiltrated the dermis and subcutis in a sheet-like pattern. They were of large size and showed conspicuous nuclear atypia. Immunohistochemical study showed that more than 75% of the lymphoma cells were positive for CD30. All cases expressed one to three T cell markers (CD3, CD5 or CD45RO) and cytotoxic granule-associated antigens (TIA-1, granzyme B or perforin). The staining for leukocyte common antigen was positive in all cases, while the expression of CD5, CD8, ALK-1 and epithelial membrane antigen was noted in 5, 1, 1 and 3 cases, respectively. The staining for CD15, CD20, CK and HMB45 was negative. In-situ hybridization for EBER 1/2 was also negative in all the cases studied. Follow-up information was available in 6 patients. Five of them were still alive and 1 died of unclear cause.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>C-ALCL has distinctive clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features. It is not Epstein-Barr virus-related and often carries a favorable prognosis.</p>

Study on activation of AKT/mTOR pathway in anaplastic large cell lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the phosphorylation status of AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and their interrelationships and clinical pathological significance in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical and EnVision methods were used to detect the expression of ALK, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 81 ALCL patients, 51 (63.0%) expressed ALK, whereas the other 30 (37.0%) did not. Patients with ALK(+) ALCL had a better prognosis than those with ALK-ALCL (P < 0.05). Out of the 71 ALCL samples studied, p-AKT was detected in 54 (76.1%) samples and its phosphorylation was correlated with ALK expression (P < 0.05); p-mTOR was detected in 57 (80.3%) samples and its expression was correlated with both ALK and p-AKT (P < 0.05); p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K were detected in 64 (90.1%) and 66 (93.0%) samples respectively, and their expressions were related with p-mTOR (P < 0.05), but not with ALK or p-AKT (P > 0.05). COX Proportional Hazard Model analysis showed that both the expression of ALK and the B symptoms affected the prognosis (P < 0.05), moreover, the former had greater impact than the later.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Expressions of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K are detected in ALCL, while ALK(+) cases have higher incidence than those with ALK(-) cases. Phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR is correlated with ALK expression, suggesting that there is an activated pathway of AKT/mTOR in patients with ALK(+) ALCL, but the activation have no obvious prognostic significance.</p>

Mantle cell lymphoma: clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of 102 cases occurring in Chinese patients / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of Chinese patients with mantle cell lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and two cases of mantle cell lymphoma occurring in Chinese patients were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The follow-up information was also analyzed. The cases were classified as mantle zone, nodular or diffuse patterns and as typical or blastoid variants. Age, Ann-Arbor staging, B symptoms, hematologic parameters, histologic variants, mitotic index and immunophenotype were assessed for possible prognostic implication.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of the patients was 59 years (range: 30 to 79 years) and the male-to-female ratio was 2.92:1. Seventy-one patients (87.65%) presented with advanced stage disease (Ann Arbor stage III to IV). B symptoms were present in 45.45% of patients. The commonest site of involvement was lymph node (100%). The other involved sites included bone marrow (64.44%), spleen (63.16%), Waldeyer's ring (31.25%), peripheral blood (29.41%), liver (22.64%) and gastrointestinal tract (14.71%). All cases expressed B-cell markers but were negative for T-cell marker. Majority of cases were positive for cyclin D1 (94.12%) and CD5 (71.43%). Blastoid variant accounted for 24.51% of cases. Amongst the 68 cases with follow-up data available, the median survival was 10 months. Parameters associated with shorter survival included diffuse pattern, blastoid variant, high mitotic index, high proliferative activity and presence of bone marrow involvement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of mantle cell lymphoma occurring in Chinese are similar to those in Caucasians. Diffuse pattern, blastoid variant, high mitotic index, high proliferative activity and involvement of bone marrow indicate poor prognosis.</p>

Features of intestinal T-cell lymphomas in Chinese population without evidence of celiac disease and their close association with Epstein-Barr virus infection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intestinal T-cell lymphoma (ITCL) is a heterogeneous lymphoid neoplastic group with variable clinical and pathological features. ITCL in oriental countries is different from enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma (ETCL) in relation to celiac disease and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, expression of cytotoxic molecule (TIA-1), T-cell receptor (TCR)-gamma gene rearrangement, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection in primary ITCL without celiac disease in Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 42 patients were analyzed, and the patients were followed up. Compared with human reactive lymphoid tissues, in situ hybridization for EBER1/2, polymerase chain reaction for TCR-gamma gene rearrangement, and immunohistochemical staining for immunophenotypes, TIA-1 and EBV latent membrane proteins (LMP-1) were investigated. Survival curves of different clinicopathological features, immuno-phenotypes, expression of LMP1, TCR-gamma gene rearrangement and therapy were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three fourths of the patients suffered from ITCL in China were men with a peak age incidence in the 4th decade. Common presenting features included fever and hemotochezia. The prognosis was poor with a median survival of 3.0 months. The lesions were mostly localized in the ileocecum and colon. About 38/42 (90.5%) patients demonstrated pleomorphic medium-sized on large cells. Histological features of celiac disease were rarely seen. All 42 patients with ITCL revealed CD45RO positive. Neoplastic cells partially expressed T-cell differentiated antigens (CD3epsilon, CD4, CD8) and NK cell associated antigen (CD56). The positive frequency of CD3epsilon, CD4, CD8 and CD56 was 28/42 (66.7%), 7/42 (16.7%), 10/42 (23.8%) and 12/42 (28.6%) respectively. Thirty-nine cells (92.9%) expressed TIA-1, but none expressed CD20 and CD68. More than half of the patients (64.3%, 64.3% and 59.5%) revealed TCR-gamma gene rearrangement by three different TCR-gamma primers respectively. EBER1/2 was detected in 41 (97.6%) of the 42 patients. The expression frequency of LMP-1 was 38.1% (16/42).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary ITCL without celiac disease in Chinese is a special highly EBV-associated clinicopathological entity. There are few similarities in patients with celiac disease in western countries. A small proportion of primary ITCLs in Chinese and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type belong to the same spectrum.</p>

Expression of B cell-specific activator protein in lymphomas / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of B cell-specific activator protein (BSAP)/Pax-5 in lymphomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 3 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), 3 cases of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, 1 case of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), 10 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and 10 cases of plasmacytoma were studied immunohistochemically for BSAP and CD20.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor cells in the 102 cases of DLBCL all expressed CD20, amongst which 100 cases also expressed BSAP. Three cases of FL, 3 cases of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and 1 case of NLPHL also expressed BSAP and CD20. All the ALCLs and plasmacytomas did not express BSAP and CD20. The expression rates of CD20 and BSAP were highly consistent. The intensity of staining showed no statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BSAP/Pax-5 is a novel B-cell marker expressed in tumor nuclei of B-cell lymphomas. Though less sensitive than CD20, anti-BSAP has diagnostic value in routine surgical pathology practice.</p>

A clinicopathological study of 96 cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective clinicopathological study of 96 cases LBL was carried out. Immunohistochemical staining was used for the characterization and immunophenotyping.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients age ranged from 4 to 72 years, with a median of 16 years, 69 patients were male and 27 female. Seventy-three cases had superficial or multi-lymphoadenopathy and 31 of them had mediastinal masses. Bone marrow was involved in 15 cases. Seventy-three cases were in clinical stages III and IV. The median survival of the followed-up patients was 5.5 (2 approximately 120) months. TdT and CD99 positive reactions were 75.0% and 92.7%, respectively. Of the 96 cases, 78 displayed T-cell marker positivity and 18 B-cell markers. 82.1% of the patients younger than 30 years of age had significantly higher incidences of T-LBL (64 patients), and 93.6% of the patients with mediastinal masses expressed T-cell markers. The poor prognostic factors were T-cell tumors, clinical stages III and IV, Ki-67 PI < 80% and no chemotherapy (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In children and young males, mediastinal masses with superficial or multi-lymphoadenopathy favors the diagnosis of LBL, but negative TdT reaction can not exclude this diagnosis. T-LBL is more common than B-LBL. Clinical stages, immunophenotypes and the level of Ki-67 expression were closely related with prognosis of LBL.</p>

Prognostic analysis of 51 cases of primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prognostic factors of primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (N-DLBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the 2001 WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, 51 cases of primary N-DLBCL were collected for clinical data analysis and immunohistochemical assay. Antibodies used for study were anti-CD20, CD79alpha, CD45RO, CD3, Bcl-2, Ki-67, CD30, CD15, kappa, lambda, Cyclin D1, TdT, GFAP, CK, MPO. The survival data was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 51 cases of N-DLBCLs, 40 were reclassified as centroblastic, 3 B-immunoblastic, 1 T-cell/histiocytes rich, 2 B-cell anaplastic large cell, 1 plasmablastic, and 4 unclassified. Expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was observed in 24 cases (47.1%). The median Ki-67 index was 50.0% and the index more than 40% was found in 35 cases (68.6%). Survival analysis of 35 cases had follow up data showed that the 2 year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 48.54% and 35.30%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates patients with International Prognosis Index (IPI) >/= 3 was lower than that with IPI < 3 (P < 0.01). The 5-year OS rates for patients with B symptoms was lower than that without B symptoms (P < 0.05). The 5-year OS rates for patients with Ki-67 index more than 40% was lower than that with less than 40% (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was uncorrelated to prognosis (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IPI, B symptoms and Ki-67 index are the prognostic factors for patients with N-DLBCL.</p>

Expression of bcl-10 protein in MALT lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the significance of bcl-10 protein expression in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two cases of MALT lymphoma were reviewed and immunohistochemical studies for bcl-10 and Ki-67 were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty out of the 62 cases studied (96.8%) were positive for bcl-10. Thirty-three (53.2%) showed bcl-10 expression in both the nuclei and cytoplasm, while 27 cases (43.6%) showed only cytoplasmic staining. The 10 cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis demonstrated bcl-10 expression in the cytoplasm. The mean age of patients with bcl-10 nuclear expression (51.4 years old) was 5.2 years younger than those (56.6 years) without bcl-10 nuclear expression. The former category also showed a male predilection (male to female ratio = 19:14, in contrast to 10:19 in the latter category). The frequency of bcl-10 nuclear expression was lower in cases from thyroid but higher in cases from lung, stomach and intestine (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between bcl-10 nuclear expression and clinical tumor stage (P > 0.05) or tumor cell morphology (P > 0.05). Amongst the 40 cases of gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma, bcl-10 nuclear expression correlated with extent of tumor involvement. The protein was expressed in 36.4% (4 out of 11 cases) of MALT lymphoma confined to mucosa or submucosa, 65.2% (15 out of 23 cases) of those invading down to muscularis propria or subserosa, and 100% (all 6 cases) of those extending beyond serosa (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Ki-67 proliferative index between bcl-10-positive and bcl-10-negative groups (P < 0.05). Follow-up data were available in 52 patients (83.9%) and the five-year survival rate was no statistically significant difference in survival between bcl-10-positive (29 patients, 96.3%) and bcl-10-negative groups (23 patients, 66.4%, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Two expression patterns of bcl-10 protein were observed in MALT lymphoma: mixed nuclear-cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic only. The bcl-10 nuclear expression appears more important and correlates with anatomic site of tumor and extent of tumor involvement. Immunohistochemical detection of bcl-10 may carry some diagnostic and prognostic implications in assessment of MALT lymphoma.</p>

Detection of TCR-gamma chain gene rearrangement in malignant histiocytosis / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the lineage of the malignant cells in malignant histiocytosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction with two groups of common primers for TCR-gamma gene was used to analyze the malignant cells of 28 autopsied cases of malignant histiocytosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Monoclonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were detected in 12 out of the 28 samples (43%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most cases diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis in Southwest China seems to be peripheral T-cell lymphomas.</p>